The Arctic, once considered a frozen wasteland of little strategic value, has emerged as a critical frontier in 21st-century geopolitics. As climate change accelerates ice melt, the region is becoming increasingly accessible and contested.

The Northwest Passage

The opening of the Northwest Passage could cut shipping times between Asia and Europe by up to 40%. This has sparked sovereignty disputes between Canada, the United States, and other Arctic nations.

Resource Wealth

The Arctic is estimated to hold 13% of the world undiscovered oil and 30% of its undiscovered natural gas. Russia, in particular, has been aggressively asserting its claims to these resources.